Electrostatics
Electro means charge and statics means rest. So, the definition of Electrostatics is "The branch of physics that deals about force, field, potential etc. due to the rest charge is known as electrostatics".
Definition of Electric charge:
The property of the matter by which we get electric force is known as electric charge.
Charges may be classified in two ways:-
1. Positive Charge
2. Negative Charge
Remember this two points
1. Like charges always repulsive.
2. Unlike charges always attractive.
Charged Body:
Positive body or Negative body is also known as charged body.
Definition of Positive body, Negative body & Neutral body:
Positive body:
If the number of positive charge is greater than the number of negative charge in a body then the body is known as Positive body.
Negative body:
If the number of negative charge is greater than the number of positive charge in a body then the body is known as Negative body.
Neutral body:
If the number of positive charge is equal to the number of negative charge in a body then the body is known as Neutral body.
Frictional Electricity:
The electricity which is produced at rest due to friction is known as frictional electricity.
Example:- When a glass rod is rubbed with silk cloth then electrons are transferred from glass rod to silk rod and therefore glass rod becomes positive charged and silk cloth becomes negatively charged.
Polarity of Charge:
The properties by which we can differentiate two kind of charge is known as polarity of charge.
Detection of Charge:
The instrument for detection or measurement of charge is Gold Leaf Electroscope (GLE).
Description of Gold Leaf Electroscope (GLE).
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GLE consists of metal rod house in a box and at the bottom of metal rod we have two gold leaves. When charge body touches or metal knob then charges flows through the metal rod and reach the gold leaves and they divers. The amount of divergent gives the value of charge.
Note
In Gold Leaf Electroscope instead of gold we can use aluminium.
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The matter which can allow electricity passes through them easily is known as conductor or metal.
Example: Iron, Alluminium etc.
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Since, in case of metal there is no forbidden gap and hence it is good conductor of electricity.
Insulator
The matter which does not allow electricity pass through them is known as insulator.
Example: Wood, Plastic, Glass etc.
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Since, insulator has large forbidden gap between valence bond and conduction bond and therefore it is bad conductor of electricity.
Semiconductor
The matter which can allow electricity partial that is same some time allow and some time does not allow is known as semiconductor.
Example: Silicon, Germanium etc.
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Since, semiconductor has small forbidden gap and hence partially conductor.
Important Note on Semiconductor
At 0 kelvin Semiconductor behaves as insulator. And at 298kelvin semiconductor behaves as conductor.
Earthing
The sharing of excess charge of a body with the earth surface is known as earthing.
The symbol of earthing is
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